Signal | SuperCollider 3.13.1 Help

Description

A Signal is a FloatArray that represents a sampled function of time buffer. Signals support math operations.

Class Methods

Signal.sineFill(size, amplitudes, phases)

Fill a Signal of the given size with a sum of sines at the given amplitudes and phases. The Signal will be normalized.Signal.sineFill(1000, 1.0/[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]).plot;

 
Signal.sineFill(1000, 1.0/[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]).plot;

Arguments:

size	the number of samples in the Signal.
amplitudes	an Array of amplitudes for each harmonic beginning with the fundamental.
phases	an Array of phases in radians for each harmonic beginning with the fundamental.

Signal.chebyFill(size, amplitudes, normalize: true, zeroOffset: false)

Fill a Signal of the given size with a sum of Chebyshev polynomials at the given amplitudes. For eventual use in waveshaping by the Shaper ugen; see Shaper helpfile and Buffer:cheby too.

Arguments:

size	the number of samples in the Signal.
amplitudes	an Array of amplitudes for each Chebyshev polynomial beginning with order 1.
normalize	a Boolean indicating whether to normalize the resulting Signal. If the zeroOffset argument is true, the normalization is done for use as a transfer function, using normalizeTransfer, otherwise it just uses normalize to make the absolute peak value 1. Default is true.
zeroOffset	a Boolean indicating whether to offset the middle of each polynomial to zero. If true, then a zero input will always result in a zero output when used as a waveshaper. If false, then the "raw" (unshifted) Chebyshev polynomials are used. Default is false.

Discussion:

NOTE: In previous versions, chebyFill always offset the curves to ensure the center value was zero. The zeroOffset argument was added in version 3.7, and the default behavior was changed, so that it no longer offsets.

Signal.chebyFill(1000, [1]).plot; // shifted to avoid DC offset when waveshaping a zero signal Signal.chebyFill(1000, [0, 1], zeroOffset: true).plot; // normalized sum of (unshifted) Chebyshev polynomials (the default) Signal.chebyFill(1000, [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1], normalize: true, zeroOffset: false).plot; Signal.chebyFill(1000, [0, 0, 1]).plot; Signal.chebyFill(1000, [0.3, -0.8, 1.1]).plot; // This waveshaping example uses two buffers, one with zero offset and // the other not. // // 1. The offset version gives zero output (DC free) when waveshaping an // input signal with amplitude of zero (e.g. DC.ar(0)). // // 2. The non-offset version makes better use of the full (-1 to 1) range // when waveshaping a varying signal with amplitude near 1, but (if even // Chebyshev polynomial degrees are used) will have a DC offset when // waveshaping a signal with amplitude of zero. // // 3. Wrapping the non-offset Shaper in a LeakDC (the third signal in the // example) cancels out any DC offsets (third version), while making full use // of the -1 to 1 range. ( s.waitForBoot({ var amplitudes = [0, 1, 1, -2, 1]; var sigs = [ Signal.chebyFill(256+1, amplitudes, normalize: true, zeroOffset: true), Signal.chebyFill(256+1, amplitudes, normalize: true, zeroOffset: false) ]; b = sigs.collect{ arg sig; Buffer.loadCollection(s, sig.asWavetableNoWrap) }; s.sync; x = { var in = SinOsc.ar(100, 0, SinOsc.kr(0.1, 0, 0.5, 0.5)); Shaper.ar(b, in ) ++ LeakDC.ar(Shaper.ar(b[1], in)) }.scope; }) ) x.free; b.do(_.free); b = nil

​x
 
Signal.chebyFill(1000, [1]).plot;​// shifted to avoid DC offset when waveshaping a zero signalSignal.chebyFill(1000, [0, 1], zeroOffset: true).plot;​// normalized sum of (unshifted) Chebyshev polynomials (the default)Signal.chebyFill(1000, [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1], normalize: true, zeroOffset: false).plot;​Signal.chebyFill(1000, [0, 0, 1]).plot;Signal.chebyFill(1000, [0.3, -0.8, 1.1]).plot;​​// This waveshaping example uses two buffers, one with zero offset and// the other not.//// 1. The offset version gives zero output (DC free) when waveshaping an// input signal with amplitude of zero (e.g. DC.ar(0)).//// 2. The non-offset version makes better use of the full (-1 to 1) range// when waveshaping a varying signal with amplitude near 1, but (if even// Chebyshev polynomial degrees are used) will have a DC offset when// waveshaping a signal with amplitude of zero.//// 3. Wrapping the non-offset Shaper in a LeakDC (the third signal in the// example) cancels out any DC offsets (third version), while making full use// of the -1 to 1 range.(s.waitForBoot({    var amplitudes = [0, 1, 1, -2, 1];    var sigs = [        Signal.chebyFill(256+1, amplitudes, normalize: true, zeroOffset: true),        Signal.chebyFill(256+1, amplitudes, normalize: true, zeroOffset: false)    ];    b = sigs.collect{ arg sig; Buffer.loadCollection(s, sig.asWavetableNoWrap) };    s.sync;    x = {        var in = SinOsc.ar(100, 0, SinOsc.kr(0.1, 0, 0.5, 0.5));        Shaper.ar(b, in ) ++ LeakDC.ar(Shaper.ar(b[1], in))    }.scope;}))x.free; b.do(_.free); b = nil

Signal.hanningWindow(size, pad: 0)

Fill a Signal of the given size with a Hanning window.Signal.hanningWindow(1024).plot; Signal.hanningWindow(1024, 512).plot;

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Signal.hanningWindow(1024).plot;Signal.hanningWindow(1024, 512).plot;

Arguments:

size	the number of samples in the Signal.
pad	the number of samples of the size that is zero padding.

Signal.hammingWindow(size, pad: 0)

Fill a Signal of the given size with a Hamming window.

WARNING: In versions of SuperCollider before 3.11, the implementation of Signal.hammingWindow had incorrect coefficients. To get the old behavior back, use Signal.hammingWindow_old.

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Signal.hammingWindow(1024).plot;Signal.hammingWindow(1024, 512).plot;

Arguments:

size	the number of samples in the Signal.
pad	the number of samples of the size that is zero padding.

Signal.welchWindow(size, pad: 0)

Fill a Signal of the given size with a Welch window.Signal.welchWindow(1024).plot; Signal.welchWindow(1024, 512).plot;

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Signal.welchWindow(1024).plot;Signal.welchWindow(1024, 512).plot;

Arguments:

size	the number of samples in the Signal.
pad	the number of samples of the size that is zero padding.

Signal.rectWindow(size, pad: 0)

Fill a Signal of the given size with a rectangular window.Signal.rectWindow(1024).plot; Signal.rectWindow(1024, 512).plot;

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Signal.rectWindow(1024).plot;Signal.rectWindow(1024, 512).plot;

Arguments:

size	the number of samples in the Signal.
pad	the number of samples of the size that is zero padding.

Signal.fftCosTable(fftsize)

Fourier Transform: Fill a Signal with the cosine table needed by the FFT methods. See also the instance methods -fft and -ifft.Signal.fftCosTable(512).plot;

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Signal.fftCosTable(512).plot;

Signal.hammingWindow_old(size, pad: 0)

This used to be Signal.hammingWindow, but the coefficients were incorrect (making it a different window in the generalized Hamming window family). It is provided to assist in porting code to 3.11 and later.

Inherited class methods

5 methods from ArrayedCollection ► show

11 methods from SequenceableCollection ► show

6 methods from Collection ► show

7 methods from Object ► show

Undocumented class methods

Signal.readNew(file)

Instance Methods

.plot: METHOD NOT FOUND!

Plot the Signal in a window. The arguments are not required and if not given defaults will be used.Signal.sineFill(512, [1]).plot; Signal.sineFill(512, [1]).plot("Signal 1", Rect(50, 50, 150, 450));

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Signal.sineFill(512, [1]).plot;Signal.sineFill(512, [1]).plot("Signal 1", Rect(50, 50, 150, 450));

For details, see plot

.play(loop: false, mul: 0.2, numChannels: 1, server)

Loads the signal into a buffer on the server and plays it. Returns the buffer so you can free it again.b = Signal.sineFill(512, [1]).play(true, 0.2); b.free; // free the buffer again.

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b = Signal.sineFill(512, [1]).play(true, 0.2);b.free;    // free the buffer again.

Arguments:

loop	A Boolean whether to loop the entire signal or play it once. Default is false.
mul	volume at which to play it, 0.2 by default.
numChannels	if the signal is an interleaved multichannel file, number of channels, default is 1.
server	the server on which to load the signal into a buffer.

.waveFill(function, start: 0.0, end: 1.0)

Fill the Signal with a function evaluated over an interval.

Arguments:

function

a function that should calculate the value of a sample.( a = Signal.newClear(256); a.waveFill({ arg x, old, i; sin(x)}, 0, 3pi); a.waveFill({ arg x, old, i; old * sin(11 * x + 0.3) }, 0, 3pi); a.waveFill({ arg x, old, i; old * (x % 4) }, 0, 3pi); a.plot; )

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(a = Signal.newClear(256);a.waveFill({ arg x, old, i; sin(x)}, 0, 3pi);a.waveFill({ arg x, old, i; old * sin(11 * x + 0.3) }, 0, 3pi);a.waveFill({ arg x, old, i; old * (x % 4) }, 0, 3pi);​a.plot;)

The function is called with three arguments:

x: the value along the interval.
old: the old value (if the signal is overwritten)
i: the sample index.

As arguments, three values are passed to the function: the current input value (abscissa), the old value (if the signal is overwritten), and the index.( a = Signal.newClear(16); a.waveFill({ arg x, prev, i; [x, prev, i].postln; sin(x).max(0) }, 0, 3pi); a.plot; )

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(a = Signal.newClear(16);a.waveFill({ arg x, prev, i; [x, prev, i].postln; sin(x).max(0) }, 0, 3pi);a.plot;)

start

the starting value of the interval.

end

the ending value of the interval.

.asWavetable

Convert the Signal into a Wavetable.Signal.sineFill(512, [1]).asWavetable.plot;

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Signal.sineFill(512, [1]).asWavetable.plot;

.fill(val)

Fill the Signal with a value.Signal.newClear(512).fill(0.2).plot;

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Signal.newClear(512).fill(0.2).plot;

.scale(scale)

Scale the Signal by a factor in place.a = Signal[1, 2, 3, 4]; a.scale(0.5); a;

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a = Signal[1, 2, 3, 4];a.scale(0.5); a;

.offset(offset)

Offset the Signal by a value in place.a = Signal[1, 2, 3, 4]; a.offset(0.5); a;

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a = Signal[1, 2, 3, 4];a.offset(0.5); a;

.peak

Return the peak absolute value of a Signal.Signal[1, 2, -3, 2.5].peak;

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Signal[1, 2, -3, 2.5].peak;

.normalize(beginSamp: 0, endSamp)

Normalize the Signal in place such that the maximum absolute peak value is 1.Signal[1, 2, -4, 2.5].normalize; Signal[1, 2, -4, 2.5].normalize(0, 1); // normalize only a range

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Signal[1, 2, -4, 2.5].normalize;Signal[1, 2, -4, 2.5].normalize(0, 1);    // normalize only a range

.normalizeTransfer

Normalizes a transfer function so that the center value of the table is offset to zero and the absolute peak value is 1. Transfer functions are meant to be used in the Shaper ugen.Signal[1, 2, 3, 2.5, 1].normalizeTransfer;

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Signal[1, 2, 3, 2.5, 1].normalizeTransfer;

.invert(beginSamp: 0, endSamp)

Invert the Signal in place.a = Signal[1, 2, 3, 4]; a.invert(0.5); a;

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a = Signal[1, 2, 3, 4];a.invert(0.5); a;

.reverse(beginSamp: 0, endSamp)

Reverse a subrange of the Signal in place.a = Signal[1, 2, 3, 4]; a.reverse(1, 2); a;

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a = Signal[1, 2, 3, 4];a.reverse(1, 2); a;

.fade(beginSamp: 0, endSamp, beginLevel: 0.0, endLevel: 1.0)

Fade a subrange of the Signal in place.a = Signal.fill(10, 1); a.fade(0, 3); // fade in a.fade(6, 9, 1, 0); // fade out

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a = Signal.fill(10, 1);a.fade(0, 3);        // fade ina.fade(6, 9, 1, 0);    // fade out

.integral

Return the integral of a signal.Signal[1, 2, 3, 4].integral;

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Signal[1, 2, 3, 4].integral;

.overDub(aSignal, index: 0)

Add a signal to myself starting at the index. If the other signal is too long only the first part is overdubbed.a = Signal.fill(10, 100); a.overDub(Signal[1, 2, 3, 4], 3); // run out of range a = Signal.fill(10, 100); a.overDub(Signal[1, 2, 3, 4], 8); a = Signal.fill(10, 100); a.overDub(Signal[1, 2, 3, 4], -4); a = Signal.fill(10, 100); a.overDub(Signal[1, 2, 3, 4], -1); a = Signal.fill(10, 100); a.overDub(Signal[1, 2, 3, 4], -2); a = Signal.fill(4, 100); a.overDub(Signal[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8], -2);

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a = Signal.fill(10, 100);a.overDub(Signal[1, 2, 3, 4], 3);​        // run out of rangea = Signal.fill(10, 100);a.overDub(Signal[1, 2, 3, 4], 8);​a = Signal.fill(10, 100);a.overDub(Signal[1, 2, 3, 4], -4);​a = Signal.fill(10, 100);a.overDub(Signal[1, 2, 3, 4], -1);​a = Signal.fill(10, 100);a.overDub(Signal[1, 2, 3, 4], -2);​a = Signal.fill(4, 100);a.overDub(Signal[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8], -2);

.overWrite(aSignal, index: 0)

Write a signal to myself starting at the index. If the other signal is too long only the first part is overdubbed.a = Signal.fill(10, 100); a.overWrite(Signal[1, 2, 3, 4], 3); // run out of range a = Signal.fill(10, 100); a.overWrite(Signal[1, 2, 3, 4], 8); a = Signal.fill(10, 100); a.overWrite(Signal[1, 2, 3, 4], -4); a = Signal.fill(10, 100); a.overWrite(Signal[1, 2, 3, 4], -1); a = Signal.fill(10, 100); a.overWrite(Signal[1, 2, 3, 4], -2); a = Signal.fill(4, 100); a.overWrite(Signal[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8], -2);

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a = Signal.fill(10, 100);a.overWrite(Signal[1, 2, 3, 4], 3);​        // run out of rangea = Signal.fill(10, 100);a.overWrite(Signal[1, 2, 3, 4], 8);​a = Signal.fill(10, 100);a.overWrite(Signal[1, 2, 3, 4], -4);​a = Signal.fill(10, 100);a.overWrite(Signal[1, 2, 3, 4], -1);​a = Signal.fill(10, 100);a.overWrite(Signal[1, 2, 3, 4], -2);​a = Signal.fill(4, 100);a.overWrite(Signal[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8], -2);

.blend(that, blendFrac: 0.5)

Blend two signals by some proportion.Signal[1, 2, 3, 4].blend(Signal[5, 5, 5, 0], 0); Signal[1, 2, 3, 4].blend(Signal[5, 5, 5, 0], 0.2); Signal[1, 2, 3, 4].blend(Signal[5, 5, 5, 0], 0.4); Signal[1, 2, 3, 4].blend(Signal[5, 5, 5, 0], 1); Signal[1, 2, 3, 4].blend(Signal[5, 5, 5, 0], 2);

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Signal[1, 2, 3, 4].blend(Signal[5, 5, 5, 0], 0);Signal[1, 2, 3, 4].blend(Signal[5, 5, 5, 0], 0.2);Signal[1, 2, 3, 4].blend(Signal[5, 5, 5, 0], 0.4);Signal[1, 2, 3, 4].blend(Signal[5, 5, 5, 0], 1);Signal[1, 2, 3, 4].blend(Signal[5, 5, 5, 0], 2);

Fourier Transform

.fft(imag, cosTable)

Perform an FFT on a real and imaginary signal in place. See also the class method *fftCosTable.( var size = 512; var real, imag, cosTable, frqAmpPhs, complex; // Create a signal of sine partials: // partial freqs, amps, and phases frqAmpPhs = [ // 0 Hz (DC), amp: 1, phase pi/2 (cosine) [0, 1, 0.5pi], // other partials, various amp and phase [8], [13, 0.25], [21, 0.25], [55, 0.5, 0.5pi], // nyquist, amp: 1, phase pi/2 (cosine) [size/2, 1, 0.5pi] ]; real = Signal.newClear(size); real.sineFill2(frqAmpPhs); imag = Signal.newClear(size); // zeros cosTable = Signal.fftCosTable(size); // Perform fft complex = fft(real, imag, cosTable); // Plot signals and spectrum [ real, imag, (complex.magnitude) / size ] .plot("fft", Window.screenBounds.insetBy(*200!2)) .axisLabelX_(["Signal (real, samples)", "Signal (imaginary, samples)", "FFT spectrum (bins)"]) .axisLabelY_(["Amplitude", "Amplitude", "Magnitude"]) .plotMode_([\linear, \linear, \steps]); )

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(var size = 512;var real, imag, cosTable, frqAmpPhs, complex;​// Create a signal of sine partials:// partial freqs, amps, and phasesfrqAmpPhs = [    // 0 Hz (DC), amp: 1, phase pi/2 (cosine)    [0, 1, 0.5pi],    // other partials, various amp and phase    [8], [13, 0.25], [21, 0.25], [55, 0.5, 0.5pi],    // nyquist, amp: 1, phase pi/2 (cosine)    [size/2, 1, 0.5pi]];real = Signal.newClear(size);real.sineFill2(frqAmpPhs);​imag = Signal.newClear(size); // zeroscosTable = Signal.fftCosTable(size);​// Perform fftcomplex = fft(real, imag, cosTable);​// Plot signals and spectrum[    real,    imag,    (complex.magnitude) / size].plot("fft", Window.screenBounds.insetBy(*200!2)).axisLabelX_(["Signal (real, samples)", "Signal (imaginary, samples)", "FFT spectrum (bins)"]).axisLabelY_(["Amplitude", "Amplitude", "Magnitude"]).plotMode_([\linear, \linear, \steps]);)

.ifft(imag, cosTable)

Perform an inverse FFT on a real and imaginary signal in place. See also the class method *fftCosTable.( var real, imag, cosTable, complex, ifft; var size = 512; // Create a signal of sine partials, add noise real = Signal.newClear(size); real.sineFill2([[8], [13, 0.5], [21, 0.25], [55, 0.125, 0.5pi]]); real.overDub(Signal.fill(size, { 0.2.bilinrand })); imag = Signal.newClear(size); // zeros cosTable = Signal.fftCosTable(size); // Perform fft & ifft complex = fft(real, imag, cosTable).postln; ifft = complex.real.ifft(complex.imag, cosTable); // Plot input and output [ real, ifft.real ] .plot("fft -> ifft", Window.screenBounds.insetBy(*200!2)) .axisLabelX_(["Real signal (samples)", "Restored signal (samples)"]) .axisLabelY_("Amplitude"); )

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(var real, imag, cosTable, complex, ifft;var size = 512;​// Create a signal of sine partials, add noisereal = Signal.newClear(size);real.sineFill2([[8], [13, 0.5], [21, 0.25], [55, 0.125, 0.5pi]]);real.overDub(Signal.fill(size, { 0.2.bilinrand }));​imag = Signal.newClear(size); // zeroscosTable = Signal.fftCosTable(size);​// Perform fft & ifftcomplex = fft(real, imag, cosTable).postln;ifft = complex.real.ifft(complex.imag, cosTable);​// Plot input and output[    real,    ifft.real].plot("fft -> ifft", Window.screenBounds.insetBy(*200!2)).axisLabelX_(["Real signal (samples)", "Restored signal (samples)"]).axisLabelY_("Amplitude");)

Unary Messages

Signal will respond to unary operators by returning a new Signal.x = Signal.sineFill(512, [0, 0, 0, 1]); [x, x.neg, x.abs, x.sign, x.squared, x.cubed, x.asin.normalize, x.exp.normalize, x.distort].flop.flat .plot(numChannels: 9);

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x = Signal.sineFill(512, [0, 0, 0, 1]);[x, x.neg, x.abs, x.sign, x.squared, x.cubed, x.asin.normalize, x.exp.normalize, x.distort].flop.flat    .plot(numChannels: 9);

.neg

.abs

.sign

.squared

.cubed

.sqrt

.exp

.log

.log2

.log10

.sin

.cos

.tan

.asin

.acos

.atan

.sinh

.cosh

.tanh

.distort

.softclip

Binary Messages

Signal will respond to binary operators by returning a new Signal.( x = Signal.fill(512, { rrand(0.0, 1.0) }); y = Signal.fill(512, { |i| (i * pi / 64).sin }); [x, y, (x + y) * 0.5, x * y, min(x, y), max(x, y) ].flop.flat .plot(numChannels: 6); )

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(x = Signal.fill(512, { rrand(0.0, 1.0) });y = Signal.fill(512, { |i| (i * pi / 64).sin });[x, y, (x + y) * 0.5, x * y, min(x, y), max(x, y) ].flop.flat    .plot(numChannels: 6);)

.thresh(aNumber)

Thresholding replaces every value < threshold with 0.

NOTE: Before SuperCollider 3.13 this function was implemented incorrectly, evaluating the square of provided threshold. This behavior is now fixed, but note that older code might give different results.

+(aNumber)

-(aNumber)

*(aNumber)

/(aNumber)

.div(aNumber)

.pow(aNumber)

.mod(aNumber)

.min(aNumber)

.max(aNumber)

.ring1(aNumber)

.ring2(aNumber)

.ring3(aNumber)

.ring4(aNumber)

.difsqr(aNumber)

.sumsqr(aNumber)

.sqrdif(aNumber)

.absdif(aNumber)

.amclip(aNumber)

.scaleneg(aNumber)

.clip2(aNumber: 1)

.wrap2(aNumber: 1)

.excess(aNumber: 1)

%(that)

From superclass: Object

**(that)

From superclass: Object

<!(that)

From superclass: Object

// these fail for Signal but work for FloatArray: Signal[0, 0.5, 1] pow: 2; Signal[0, 0.5, 1] ** 2; Signal[0, 0.5, 1] mod: 0.15; Signal[0, 0.5, 1] % 0.15; FloatArray[0, 0.5, 1] % 0.15;

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// these fail for Signal but work for FloatArray:Signal[0, 0.5, 1] pow: 2;Signal[0, 0.5, 1] ** 2;Signal[0, 0.5, 1] mod: 0.15;Signal[0, 0.5, 1] % 0.15;​FloatArray[0, 0.5, 1] % 0.15;